Eye Condition Category

Retinal Conditions

Diseases affecting the retina and vitreous — 60 conditions diagnosed and treated at EyeCare Center of Orange County.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Alexander Bonakdar, O.D. · Updated February 2026

The retina is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. Retinal conditions can threaten vision if not diagnosed early. Our practice uses OCT imaging and digital retinal photography to detect and monitor conditions like diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and vitreous disorders.

Emergency Conditions(4)

Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment is an emergency situation in which the retina pulls away from the layer of blood vessels that provide...

Choroidal Effusion/Detachment

An accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space (between the choroid and the sclera). This can happen spontaneously...

Malignant Melanoma of the Choroid

The most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. It is a cancerous tumor arising from the pigment cells (melano...

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) is a blockage of the main artery supplying the retina, often described as an 'ey...

Serious Conditions(22)

Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition that affects the central vision. It occurs when the macula,...

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a group of rare, genetic disorders that involve a breakdown and loss of cells in the retina...

Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (IPCV)

A condition characterized by abnormal, branching networks of blood vessels with grape-like (polypoidal) tips in the chor...

Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm

A focal outpouching or swelling of a retinal artery. These can leak fluid or blood into the retina, causing macular edem...

Macular Hole

A small, full-thickness defect in the center of the retina (the macula). It is usually caused by age-related vitreous tr...

Inherited Chorioretinal Dystrophies

A broad category of genetic diseases that cause progressive degeneration of the retina and/or choroid. This group includ...

Cone Dystrophies

A group of inherited retinal disorders that affect the cone cells, which are responsible for central and color vision. T...

Stargardt Disease (Fundus Flavimaculatus)

The most common form of inherited juvenile macular degeneration. It's an autosomal recessive condition that causes progr...

Best Disease (Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy)

An inherited retinal dystrophy characterized by the formation of a yellow, egg yolk-like lesion in the macula. While vis...

Chloroquine / Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity

Retinal damage that can occur from long-term use of the medications chloroquine (Aralen) and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquen...

Optic Pit

A congenital defect of the optic nerve head, appearing as a small, gray-white depression. While often stable, optic pits...

Nonexudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration

The most common form of AMD, characterized by the presence of drusen (yellow deposits) under the retina and thinning of ...

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is a blockage of the main vein draining the retina. It causes hemorrhages and swel...

Vitreous Hemorrhage

Vitreous hemorrhage is bleeding into the vitreous gel that fills the eye. It can be caused by diabetic retinopathy, trau...

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is a blockage of a smaller branch vein in the retina. It affects a specific sector ...

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is caused by poor blood flow to the eye, usually due to a blocked carotid artery. It can ...

APMPPE (Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy)

APMPPE is a rare inflammatory condition affecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), typically occurring in young, he...

DUSN (Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis)

DUSN is a sight-threatening condition caused by a parasitic worm (nematode) that migrates beneath the retina, causing pr...

PFV/PHPV (Persistent Fetal Vasculature)

PFV (formerly called PHPV) is a congenital developmental eye abnormality where fetal blood vessels that normally regress...

Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in the VHL tumor suppress...

Wyburn-Mason Syndrome

Wyburn-Mason Syndrome, also known as racemose hemangiomatosis or Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome, is a rare congenital ph...

X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis

X-Linked Juvenile Retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited retinal dystrophy caused by mutations in the RS1 gene, affecting ...

Moderate Conditions(33)

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects the eyes. It's caused by damage to the blood vessels of the...

Eye Floaters

Eye floaters are small spots that drift through your field of vision. They may stand out when you look at something brig...

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSR)

CSR happens when fluid accumulates under the retina, causing a small detachment and visual distortion. It is often assoc...

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Hypertensive retinopathy is retinal damage caused by high blood pressure. The force of blood against artery walls damage...

Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD)

PVD is a natural aging process where the vitreous gel shrinks and separates from the retina. It is the most common cause...

Coats' Disease

Coats' disease is a rare condition where blood vessels in the retina develop abnormally and leak fluid. It mostly affect...

Epiretinal Membrane (Macular Pucker)

A thin, scar-like tissue that forms over the surface of the macula. As this membrane contracts, it can cause the retina ...

Crystalline Retinopathy

A condition characterized by the presence of small, shiny, refractile deposits within the retina. This can be caused by ...

Solar Retinopathy

Damage to the retina, particularly the macula, from looking directly at the sun (sun gazing). This photochemical damage ...

Cystoid Macular Edema

Cystoid Macular Edema (CME) is swelling of the macula, the central part of the retina. It often occurs after eye surgery...

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a condition where fluid accumulates under the retina, causing a detachment. I...

Epiretinal Membrane

An epiretinal membrane (ERM), or macular pucker, is a thin layer of scar tissue that forms over the macula. It can cause...